Vaccines and Immunization

General or Other | Allergy & Immunology | Vaccines and Immunization (Disease)


Description

Immunizations, also called vaccinations, protect children and adults from certain diseases. Immunization is an oral vaccine containing fragments of a germ (bacterial or viral strains). The vaccine stimulates the immune system of the person to produce antibodies, which can then recognize and destroy pathogenic germ when exposed to them. Sometimes, immunization does not completely protect against the development of disease, but it significantly reduces the severity.

Immunizations are usually given by injection. Some vaccines are administered in one dose, others require more repeated doses in adults and children. Vaccinations provide protection against various diseases. In addition, it reduces disease transmission to others. Immunizations caused a significant decrease in the frequency of epidemics.

Causes and Risk factors

Immunization costs less than treatment of disease against which protection is done. However it has few serious side effects and is often standard entry requirement for children in school.

The school programme or immunization of children includes vaccines for: Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP); Polio (inactivated polio vaccine, or IPV); Measles, mumps (mumps vaccine), rubella (MMR/MMR); Varicella; Hepatitis B (Hep B); Hepatitis A (Hep A); Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); Vaccine pneumococcal (PCV) for children younger than 5 years.

The serious adverse reactions after vaccination, such as high fever (above 40. 3 C) or dyspnea, are uncommon. The risk of serious complications of the disease is far greater than the risk of an adverse reaction to vaccination. Some individuals do not develop complete immunity even after they received the vaccine.

If these people are exposed to the disease, they can become infected. However, symptoms are usually mild as a result of vaccination. Some parents are afraid of measles vaccine-rubella (MMR) because that could cause their children to develop autism. ...