Methemoglobinemia

Chest | Hematology | Methemoglobinemia (Disease)


Description

Methemoglobinemia is characterized by its inability to bind oxygen to hemoglobin with functional anemia and no release of oxygen to tissues.

The classic presentation is cyanosis methemoglobin in the presence of normal oxygen pressure lung blooded chocolate which turns pink when exposed to oxygen. Additional symptoms include bradypnoea, anxiety, palpitations and confusion as methemoglobin levels increase.

Methemoglobinemia result from exposure to oxidizing substances: nitrates or nitrites, with aniline dye, drugs: lidocaine, piridium or is the result of congenital errors of metabolism, especially G6PD deficiency and deficiency of cytochrome b5 oxidase or prevent severe acodozei function oxidase Cytochrome b5 .

Causes and Risk factors

Idiopathic methemoglobinemia occurs in children with systemic acidosis. It is caused by dehydration from diarrhea. Is exacerbated by low levels of enzyme to reduce methemoglobin found in children (50% of the adults level).

Congenital methemoglobinemia shows a persistent gray cyanosis present from birth, without obvious cardiopulmonary disease. These patients are described as being more blue than sick. Patients appear cyanotic with diffuse gray matter. Cyanosis is seen quickly through the nose, cheeks, fingers and mucous. Digital clubbing is present. The clinical presentation is dramatic won methemoglobinemia with cyanosis, dyspnea, lethargy, headache, dizziness, mental deterioration or stupor. Present history of acute exposure to a toxin or extended.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Methemoglobinemia is diagnosed when the percentage of methemoglobin exceeds 1% of normal hemoglobin the ferrous ion was ionized in the ion ferric heme group.

Patients will be given oxygen. Methylene blue is given intravenously to reverse the methemoglobin. Other treatment options include hyperbaric oxygen and exchange transfusions. ...